This Guidance Note, published by the World Banks' Water Partnership Program in 2012, discusses the challenges that are specific to public expenditure management in water and sanitation and the difficulties often involved in identifying sector expenditures. It is based on the analysis of the existing coverage, quality and results of the 42 Public Expenditure Reviews (PERs) covering water and sanitation undertaken from 2002–2010.

The challenges particular to this sector stem from three factors:

Public Expenditure Reviews, Public Expenditure Tracking Surveys, TrackFin WASH Accounts and Budget briefs can provide valuable insights into the public financial management challenges to WASH access and service delivery, and generate evidence to support policy development or resource allocation decisions, or to advocate for reforms.

Purpose of the briefing note: In its adoption of the Financial, Institutional, Environmental, Technological and Social (FIETS) Sustainability Principles, the Dutch WASH Alliance (DWA) focuses on two leading principles: financial sustainability and institutional sustainability. The DWA asserts that employing a “budget tracking” approach is a possible way forward towards accomplishing the objectives of these two leading principles.

At the moment, hygiene promotion in emergencies is done by distributing hygiene kits, or educating people about disease transmission. Evidence shows that these approaches alone are insufficient to change handwashing behavior. The Wash’Em process involves using 5 rapid assessment tools to understand behaviour. Then you enter your findings into the Wash’Em software which will give you tailored programme recommendations. The assessment tools include:

1. “Leaving No One Behind Through adopting an Inclusion Lens”: is a document which explains WAI’s ambition on “Leaving no one behind” in our programme and provides background information on inclusion, dimensions of inclusion and exclusion and barriers to achieve inclusion. It also includes a tool to develop “Inclusion Lens” to take into account the important aspects for “leaving no one behind” when designing, implementing and reviewing WASH programmes.

This Tool and its accompanying Guidance Note is part of the Strategic Framework for WASH Climate Resilient Development, produced under a collaboration between the Global Water Partnership (GWP) and UNICEF.

This Tool and its Guidance Note can be used either in support of a wider multi-sector analysis, or to produce a standalone assessment for the WASH sector. The risk assessments for the WASH sector comprise two parts:

The MRR approach can be used by anyone who works with local government on improving water and sanitation services. The approach has been developed together by experts on human rights, WASH and communication with the aim of making human rights useable in practice almost anywhere. Making Rights Real translates human rights concepts in such a way that they become relevant in local government processes that are common in many countries. This enables WASH practitioners who work with local government to apply Making Rights Real to their local context.

Accessing the Climate and Disaster Risk Screening Tool requires registering (free) on the World Bank website. The assessment requires approximately 2 hours to complete. It provides users with additional guidance on the climate and disaster risks that may impact their project/program.

The rapid estimates provided by REVAMP are particularly intended to help city planners and policy-makers at crucial decision-points regarding waste management; for example, planning of new sanitation infrastructure, wastewater treatment plants, and climate mitigation measures. It can also be useful for engineers, developers, researchers and anyone interested in the circular economy.

In this study comprising 8 chapters, UKWIR has developed analysis in a number of areas to support the "Big Question" on how to achieve zero water poverty in 2030. The chapters are: